The Treaty of Bhopal is signed on this date at Doraha in 1738 between Peshwa Baji Rao I and Sawai Jai Singh following the Maratha victory over a combined force of the Nizam, Awadh and Rajput states of Jaipur and Kota.

The Marathas got the entire territory of Malwa, a sum of 50 lakhs as indemnity, while the Bhopal Nawab Dost Muhammad Khan ended up as their vassal. It marked the ascendancy of Maratha Confederacy and further decline of the Mughals. The Battle of Bhopal was fought on December 24, 1737 when the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah alarmed at the rising Maratha power requested the Nizam Asaf Jah I to help him out, along with Safdar Jung of Awadh, Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur. The Marathas poisoned the water and prevented any supplies reaching the besieged forces. Chimaji Appa with a force of 10,000 blocked any reinforcements, while Baji Rao routed the alliance with his lightning fast strikes.