Someone Randomly Backlink my Website...I think?

Hey SEO experts, I am a new business owner with a data consulting firm, I only had my website up for barely a week, but while setting up my website I got a lot of SEO people asking to "bring my site to the top," I thought nah I do the solicitation not the other way around so I started learning SEO, and implemented new keywords on my website. However, nothing seemed to work and I became frustrated because my analytics was showing no update and while ranting to my fiance about it I literally watched my website go from 0 to 1,407 users in one day. I was excited at first but realized none of them were really engaging with my services so looking further into it I saw that a lot of them were coming from search results, facebook, and twitter. I do not have any of those sites set up for ads so I thought it was a random attack on my domain so I implemented Cloudflare to remove bots but I am still seeing heavy traffic to my site even with the added human verification so I looked at the source where it is all coming from and it is basically links stating "get the best data analysis and data management services" I tried going to the links but they all state either it does not exist or it is in a private group. I then found this subreddit and learned about backlinks, and was wondering if that what is happening and if so what am I supposed to do about it?