Why do Gulf returnees struggle to find jobs in Kerala?

A study published in the International Journal of Migration and Integration (IJMI) explores the employment challenges faced by Gulf returnees in Kerala. Conducted by researchers from Mar Ivanios College and the University of Kerala, the study surveyed 400 returnees across five districts to assess their reintegration experiences. Key Findings: 1. Employment Struggles: Despite international experience, returnees face skill mismatches, bureaucratic hurdles, financial instability, and lack of reintegration support, making it hard to secure stable jobs. 2. Reasons for Return Matter: Those who return voluntarily with financial planning adapt better, while those forced back due to job loss or crises struggle more. 3. Lack of Preparedness: Most returnees do not plan their return strategically, leaving them financially and professionally vulnerable. 4. Entrepreneurial Potential: Returnees could become job creators, but bureaucratic obstacles and lack of institutional support hinder their success. Recommendations: Pre-departure financial and career planning programs. Private sector-friendly policies to generate high-skill jobs. Government-backed reintegration initiatives, including skill training and financial aid. Psychological and social support to ease reintegration challenges. The study emphasizes that with structured support, return migration can benefit Kerala’s economy by leveraging returnees' skills and experiences, reducing brain drain, and creating local employment opportunities.